ABSTRACT
The use of digital manufacturing for the construction of orthosis and prostheses has become common since the popularization of 3D printers and the advent of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, due to the fact that the manufacture of orthosis is interactive and for personal use, generic production is difficult. In this sense, the large-scale production of these products lacks of improvements, standardization of processes and production optimization. An aggravation of this is the recent social distance due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes the use of temporary orthosis made in 3D printers to have a recent growth. Parallel to this, the use of multi-lattice inner structures for internal structuring of prints has also been increasing and taking on a more consolidated form. This article aims to present the multi-lattice optimization as a solution to this problem, in order to reduce material waste while maintaining the mechanical behavior of printed parts. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.
ABSTRACT
In the era of industry 4.0, it is important for businesses to conduct design and engineering activities via data exchange in cloud computing. Collaborative design in concurrent engineering through virtual reality simulation using digital mock up (DMU) presented in this paper is to construct a simulation in digital environment in order to reduce development time, cost and improve quality of product which will impact to accelerated time to market. However, due to current COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic outbreak, the activities could be interrupted. The virtual reality design collaboration seems to be as a solution with the support of cloud storage of product design and satisfy design issue in concurrent engineering. It is also overcome the geographical limitation and social distancing constraint in “face to face” collaboration. Thus, stakeholders’ activities are carried out as usual without interruption in the challenging period during the pandemic. Finally, virtual simulation of collaborative design in concurrent engineering of previous related works conducted by the author are briefly presented. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) is considered by many as one of the most promising approaches towards cost- and time-efficient mass customization. Compared to conventional manufacturing systems, DDM systems are not as common and incorporate several distinctive features, such as higher flexibility in product form and structure, lower economies of scale and higher potential for decentralized production network. The initial design phase of a DDM production system, where very important in term of efficiency and quality, decisions are made, is a relatively unexplored topic in the relevant literature. In the present study, the corresponding issues are investigated through a case study involving the direct digital production of a customized reusable face mask (respirator) for medical use. Investigated system design aspects include product, process, and facility design. Based on data generated through manufacturing tests, a preliminary cost analysis is performed and several scenarios regarding production throughput and facility planning are examined. According to the results, DDM of custom-made face masks is, to a large extent, technically and economically feasible. Interestingly, considering the whole process, a large part of production cost is associated with labor and materials. Finally, evidence for a fundamental trade-off between manufacturing cost and speed/flexibility is identified, implying that different implementations of DDM systems can be realized depending on strategic operational objectives.
ABSTRACT
The use of digital manufacturing for the construction of orthosis and prostheses has become common since the popularization of 3D printers and the advent of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, due to the fact that the manufacture of orthosis is interactive and for personal use, generic production is difficult. In this sense, the large-scale production of these products lacks of improvements, standardization of processes and production optimization. An aggravation of this is the recent social distance due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes the use of temporary orthosis made in 3D printers to have a recent growth. Parallel to this, the use of multi-lattice inner structures for internal structuring of prints has also been increasing and taking on a more consolidated form. This article aims to present the multi-lattice optimization as a solution to this problem, in order to reduce material waste while maintaining the mechanical behavior of printed parts.
ABSTRACT
In the present area, the outbreak of COVID-19, customer behavior have been seen toward their individual specific need, which encourages advanced-manufacturing industries to provide mass personalization of goods and services. The Covid-19 crises bring opportunities for industries and service providers to enhance their capability for a fault-free environment, zero failure, anti-fragile, and improve production capacity. The present paper provides an overview of the sustainability of Industry 6.0 in a global perspective with vision, objective, and transformation of Industrial Revolutions. The sole aim of industry 6.0 is to seizure the new technologies, which can be applied worldwide and deliver wealth, prosperity away from the job and provide growth to nations across all planetary boundaries. This revolution would promote living harmony with nature, support the principle of sustainability where technology would not be a thing, and promote the human virtual digital twin where all can simultaneously see physical goods and virtual product information.
ABSTRACT
Alongside bringing about new ways to make products, additive manufacturing (commonly referred to as 3d printing) opens up new ways to design them. This article explores a speculative model and vision between HCI and Industrial design, where the use of modular and modifiable 'CAD' parts coupled with intelligent systems could be used within lay user/retail settings to enable non-designers to create custom functional objects, with limit prior knowledge. Leading to design outputs that can be fabricated by on-site and on-demand additive manufacturing technologies. This article reports on a design workshop where cycling enthusiasts, supported by industrial designers, utilised, configured and modified a range of 'CAD parts' to create custom-made functional objects for additive manufacture. The study findings indicate the practicalities and challenges of implementing an 'HCI system' for the production of novel functional objects by novice designers, and signposts further investigation. The article yields value to HCI researchers through design-led opportunities, based on technological review and workshop insights;developing sustainable, resilient and independent manufacture. The combination of digital manufacture, design opportunity and intelligent HCI systems offer;new HCI models, distribution, design file access, standards compliance, unique Intellectual Property and building functioning customised parts. The (current) Covid-19 context, reaffirms the researches study offering new and agile opportunities that HCI principles can support and build from. The article makes recommendations, forming a design-led HCI software `blueprint'. Including guidelines on: part design, their interoperability, the design to production process, and embedding expertise and failure limitation within this process.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has disclosed the deficiencies and limitations of the existing manufacturing and supply chain systems used for medical devices and supplies. It enforces the necessity to accelerate the shift towards decentralized digital manufacturing and supply chain networks. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution for decentralized digital manufacturing of medical devices and their supply. We develop Ethereum smart contracts to govern and track transactions in a decentralized, transparent, traceable, auditable, trustworthy, and secure manner. This allows overcoming certain issues hindering the transition towards decentralized digital manufacturing and supply, including trusted traceability, attestations, certifications, and secured intellectual property (IP) rights. We incorporate the decentralized storage of the InterPlanetary file system (IPFS) into the Ethereum blockchain to store and fetch Internet of things (IoT)-based devices records and additional manufacturing and supply details. We present the system architecture and algorithms along with their full implementation and testing details. Furthermore, we present cost and security analyses to show that the proposed solution is cost-efficient and resilient against well-known vulnerabilities and security attacks. We make our smart contracts code publicly available on GitHub.
ABSTRACT
The field of Open Source Hardware Mechanical Ventilators (OSH-MVs) has seen a steep rise of contributions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. As predictions showed that the number of patients would exceed current supply of hospital-grade ventilators, a number of formal (academia, the industry and governments) and informal (fablabs and startups) entities raced to develop cheap, easy-to-fabricate mechanical ventilators. The presence of actors with very diverse modus operandi as well as the speed at which the field has grown, led to a fragmented design space characterized by a lack of clear design patterns, projects not meeting the minimum functional requirements or showing little-to-no innovation; but also valid alternatives to hospital-grade devices. In this paper we provide a taxonomic system to help researchers with no background in biomedical engineering to read, understand and contribute to the OSH-MV field. The taxonomy is composed of ten properties that are read through the lenses of three reflection criteria: buildability, adoptability and scalability. We applied the taxonomy to the analysis of seventeen OSH-MV projects, which are representative of the current landscape of possibilities available for COVID-19 patients. We discuss the different design choices adopted by each project highlighting strengths and weaknesses and we suggest possible directions for the development of the OSH-MV field.